Embodiments of this application disclose a group-based calibration method and device. The method includes: A control device that obtains path loss data of a wireless access point AP set, where the AP set includes a plurality of APs, and the path loss data includes a path loss between any two of the plurality of APs. The control device obtains a first calibration group based on the path loss data, and sends first calibration information to a management AP of the first calibration group, where the management AP of the first calibration group is an AP that performs calibration management in the first calibration group. By implementing the foregoing method, the control device may divide a plurality of APs into a plurality of calibration groups based on path loss data between the APs, to decrease a coupling degree between the calibration groups.