An operation control apparatus and method of a linear compressor are disclosed. The operation control apparatus includes: an ambient temperature sensor unit for sensing a temperature around a refrigerator; a second microcomputer for outputting a control signal according to a temperature statue of a temperatures sensing unit for sensing an inner temperature of the refrigerator; a load driving unit for receiving an ON/OFF control signal for driving a linear compressor from the second microcomputer and outputting a drive signal to the linear compressor; a relay switched by the driving signal and supplying an AC power to a motor of the linear compressor; and a power supply unit for converting the AC power into a DC power and supplying power to each unit inside the linear compressor.