In order to provide a structure which has a sufficiently large signal strength and generates local plasmon resonance of excellent reproducibility, the invention provides a process for manufacturing a structure at least a portion of which is an aluminum member having on a surface thereof an anodized layer having a plurality of micropores, the process comprising the steps of, in order, anodizing a surface of an aluminum member so as to form an anodized layer having micropores present therein, sealing the micropores in the anodized layer by filling the micropores with metal, surface-treating the sealed anodized layer so as to remove at least a portion of upper layer surface thereof and set the average surface roughness (Ra) to at most 30 nm, and subjecting the surface-treated anodized layer to electrodeposition so as to form metal particles on the metal filled into the micropores during sealing.