The invention provides nutritional supplements for an oral or enteral administration to humans, whether in satisfactory health, or having a medical condition. These supplements can provide humans with a complete, balanced nutrition in a bioavailable form, either as a food supplement or as a meal replacement, and preferably includes one or more slow-digesting carbohydrates that renders them effective in maintaining blood glucose levels at, or returning abnormal blood glucose levels to, normal blood glucose levels. Nutritional supplements within the invention can be employed with humans that are diabetic, borderline diabetic, pregnant and/or lactating, geriatric humans and humans that have, are at risk for, or develop other glucose intolerance or cardiovascular disease.