A mesoporous carbon composite includes mesoporous carbon having mesopores; a conductive polymer coated on only an outer surface of the mesoporous carbon; and an organic electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent. The mesoporous carbon composite may be prepared by impregnating an ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) with a carbon precursor mixture comprising a carbon precursor, an acid, and a solvent; heat-treating and carbonizing the impregnated OMS to form an OMS-carbon composite; mixing the OMS-carbon composite with a monomer that forms a conductive polymer and a solvent to provide a surface of the OMS-carbon composite with the monomer that forms a conductive polymer; polymerizing the monomer to obtain a conductive polymer-coated OMS-carbon composite; removing the OMS from the conductive polymer-coated OMS-carbon composite to obtain a conductive polymer-coated mesoporous carbon; and doping the conductive polymer-coated mesoporous carbon with an organic electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent to form the mesoporous carbon composite. A supported catalyst contains the mesoporous carbon composite, and a fuel cell uses an electrode containing the mesoporous carbon composite.