A frame communication apparatus and method for a broadband wireless communication system are provided that employ a transmitter. In the transmitter, a control channel generating unit generates burst allocation information including a receiver identification (ID) with respect to a transmission packet, a burst generating unit constructs data burst by adding a header including a traffic ID to the transmission packet, and a transmitting unit transmits the burst allocation information and the data burst. An existing connection ID (CID) is subdivided into a user ID (UID) and a traffic ID (TID). The UID and the TID are recorded in a map channel message and a medium access control (MAC) header, respectively. Accordingly, an amount of information contained in a downlink map (DL-MAP) and uplink map (UL-MAP), and an amount of the MAC header of a data packet can be reduced.