Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a continuous disk winding for high-voltage superconducting transformers that has special features of no joint and low loss, which are advantages of a layer winding, while being formed in the shape of a disk winding, which is advantageous in voltage distribution and insulation. The method includes lapping a high-temperature superconducting wire using Kapton films to apply multiple layers of insulation around the high-temperature superconducting wire, fixing one end of the high-temperature superconducting wire to a current inlet terminal of a bobbin, to the lower end of which is attached a fixing plate, which has the current inlet terminal, and winding the high-temperature superconducting wire on the bobbin by the predetermined number of turns, fitting a disk having a slit formed therein onto the bobbin to form high-temperature superconducting wire layers, inserting the high-temperature superconducting wire into a front end of the slit of the fitted disk and moving high-temperature superconducting wire to a rear end of the slit such that the high-temperature superconducting wire can be wound on the next layer by the predetermined number of turns, fitting a plurality of disks, each of which has a slit formed therein, onto the bobbin at predetermined intervals to form a plurality of high-temperature superconducting wire layers, and repeatedly winding the high-temperature superconducting wire for each disk such that the high-temperature superconducting wire is wound from one end of the bobbin to the other end of the bobbin, and, after the winding operation is completed, fixing the other end of the high-temperature superconducting wire to a current inlet terminal of another fixing plate attached to the upper end of the bobbin.