Processes for forming photovoltaic features and in particular photovoltaic conductive features. In one aspect, the process comprises printing a primer material onto a substrate; etching the substrate with the primer material to form an etched substrate; printing a precursor composition onto the etched substrate, wherein the precursor composition comprises at least one of metallic nanoparticles comprising a metal or a metal precursor compound to the metal; and heating the precursor composition to form the photovoltaic feature on the substrate.