An abrasive cloth which comprises an article in a sheet form having, in at least a part thereof, nanofibers comprising a thermoplastic polymer and having a number average single fiber fineness of 1×10−8 to 2×10−4 dtex wherein the sum of single fiber fineness percentages (which is defined in the specification) of a single fiber fineness of 1×10−8 to 2×10−4 dtex is the range of 60% or more, and exhibits a stress at 10% elongation in a longitudinal direction of 5 to 200 N/cm-width; and a method for preparing a nanofiber structure, which comprises providing a nanofiber dispersion having a dispersant and, dispersed therein, nanofibers comprising a thermoplastic polymer and having a number average diameter of 1 to 500 nm, attaching the dispersion to a support, and then removing said dispersant. The above abrasive cloth is excellent in texturing characteristics, and the above method allows the preparation of a nanofiber structure wherein nanofibers form a composite with the support.