An apparatus and method are provided for independently parsing fine granular scalability (FGS) layers. A video-encoding method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a frame-encoding unit which generates at least one quality layer from an input video frame, a coding-pass-selecting unit which selects a coding pass according to a coefficient of a reference block spatially neighboring a current block in order to code a coefficient of the current block included in the quality layer, and a pass-coding unit which losslessly codes the coefficient of the current block according to the selected coding pass.