A surface emitting device using a photonic crystal includes: a two-dimensional slab type photonic crystal structure including a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer formed on top of the first dielectric layer wherein a plurality of air holes in a two-dimensional lattice pattern are formed on the surface of the second dielectric layer; a light-emitting material layer formed on the inner wall of the air holes; and optical pumping means for irradiating the lateral surface of the photonic crystal structure with light. The surface emitting device shows improved surface emission efficiency and can advantageously emit light close to monochromatic light. Therefore, the surface emitting device can be used to manufacture a surface emitting laser. A method for fabricating the surface emitting device is also disclosed.