Systems and methods are provided for using a sensor to determine a charge-to-mass ratio, and a concentration, of a mixture including a first component and a second component. A base resonance frequency of the sensor in an unloaded state is measured. A surface of a vibrating element of the sensor is loaded with the mixture. A first resonance frequency, of the loaded sensor is measured and a mass of the mixture is calculated. A first component is attracted to, and a second component is removed from, the vibrating element of the sensor. A second resonance frequency, and a first charge, of the sensor are measured. The first component is removed and a second charge is measured. A mass and charge of the first component are calculated. Charge to mass ratio, and the concentration, of the first component are then derived from the calculated values.