The present invention relates to a playback apparatus and a playback method which allow setting of picture-in-picture display, a program, a program storage medium, a data structure, and a recording-medium manufacturing method. Pip_metadata states information required for the picture-in-picture display. Pip_horizotal_position indicates, on the frame of a primary video, an X coordinate at the upper left corner of a sub display screen on which a secondary video is displayed. Pip_vertical_position indicates, on the frame of the primary video, a Y coordinate at the upper left corner of the sub display screen on which the secondary video is displayed. Pip_scale states information indicating the size of the sub display screen on which the secondary video is displayed. For example, pip_scale states the size ratio of the secondary video to the primary video, the scale ratio of the secondary video to its original image, or information indicating how many pixels is included in the sub display screen in each of the vertical direction and horizontal direction. The present invention is applicable to playback apparatuses.