A method for supporting short latency data transmission in a mobile communication system is provided. A frame is divided into an uplink subframe and a downlink subframe. Each of the uplink and downlink subframes includes at least one zone for the short latency data transmission and each of the at least one zone includes a first channel for indicating data resource assignment, a second channel over which to transmit data, or a third channel for feedback signal reception. The method includes indicating a location and a size of the second channel using the first channel included in any one of the at least one zone by a transmitting end, transmitting data over the second channel, and receiving feedback information for the data, which has been transmitted over the second channel, over the third channel.