A communication apparatus capable of fully exhibiting capabilities that are inherently possessed by the communication apparatus for performing near field communication, a communication method for use therewith, and a program for use therewith an initiator performs near field communication with a target in accordance with are provided. For example, for each of predetermined n+1 types of capabilities possessed by the initiator or the target, the initiator generates capsules [0] to [n] containing one or more pieces of information related to a corresponding capability (S61). Next, the initiator generates a command ATR_REQ containing the generated capsules [0] to [n] (S62 to S64). Then, the initiator transmits the command ATR_REQ to the target. The present invention can be applied to, for example, an IC card system.