A rotary screen printing press includes, a rotary screen cylinder which supports a screen printing forme and is supported rotatably; an impression cylinder which is provided to oppose the rotary screen cylinder, and is supported rotatably; and a squeegee which is located within the rotary screen cylinder and, during printing, contacts an inner peripheral surface of the screen printing forme, while being pressed against it, to transfer ink stored within the rotary screen cylinder to a material to be printed, which is held on the impression cylinder, via holes of the screen printing forme. The printing press has a squeegee throw-on and throw-off control device which controls the pressing force of the squeegee acting on the inner peripheral surface of the screen printing forme during printing in accordance with the type and thickness of the material to be printed.