An apparatus and method for supporting a plurality of MIMO modes in a wireless communication system are provided, in which a receiver selects one of the plurality of MIMO modes according to at least one of a received signal strength, a speed of the receiver, a correlation between a transmitter and the receiver, a presence or absence of channel quality information, a precoding index, and an antenna information, a rank, and a number of users, generates feedback information in a transmission format corresponding to the selected MIMO mode, and transmits the feedback information to the transmitter using a feedback resources allocated according to the selected MIMO mode.