An apparatus for preventing a sleeping respiratory obstruction of a sleeper includes first and second air chambers provided to correspond to both sides of a back of a human body, respectively, so as to be shrunk and expanded, an air supply unit for supplying air to the first and second air chambers so as to expand the first and second air chambers, and an operation selection unit for selecting whether to operate one of the first and second air chambers or to alternately operate the first and second air chambers. A controller controls the air supply unit to control air supply and discharge to and from the first or second air chamber so as to operate one of the first and second air chambers or to alternately operate the first and second air chambers according to the selection result in the operation selection unit.