A system is described generally for providing a structure or structures for altering water surface temperature. The system includes a holding vessel configured to hold water. The holding vessel has at least one wall coupled to a lowermost portion. The at least one wall extends above the water level and the lowermost portion is configured to be submerged. At least one conduit extends from the lower side of the holding vessel. The at least one conduit has a length extending to a depth at which a property of water at the depth is substantially different from that of the water at the surface. The at least one conduit or the holding vessel includes at least one aperture formed in at least one of the holding vessel or the at least one conduit and located at a distance below the mean surface water level and at least one one way valve is coupled to the at least one aperture and allowing flow of water in only one direction.