The invention relates to the use preferably of at least one active ingredient for the prophylaxis or therapy of a viral disease, wherein this active ingredient inhibits at least one component of the cellular signal transduction pathway for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kB such that virus multiplication is inhibited. The present invention relates furthermore to the local, preferably aerogenic, administration of the active ingredient according to the invention for inhibiting virus multiplication. The active ingredient according to the invention may be combined with at least one further antivirally effective substance for the prophylaxis or therapy of a viral disease.