A target capsule includes (A) a pedestal having a central projection, (B) a pedestal aid attached to the central projection so as to define a sample-loading assembly, and (C) an impact-receiving member, wherein the components (A), (B), and (C) are detachable from each other. The impact target capsule can be readily loaded with a sample, allows the sample to be easily retrieved after application of impact pressure, and can be used repeatedly, and thereby the capsule can be preferably used as an impact compression apparatus in combination with a single-stage powder gun or a single-stage gas gun.