A surface-treated galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet, a zinc coating disposed on the steel sheet, and a film disposed on the zinc coating. The film has a thickness in the range of 0.01 to 3 μm and contains certain amounts of resin compound having a particular chemical structure, cationic urethane resin, vanadium compound, zirconium compound, compound having a phosphate group, and acid compound. The surface-treated galvanized steel sheet contains no hexavalent chromium in the film and is excellent in terms of corrosion resistance, alkali resistance, and solvent resistance.