The method comprises the steps for the: calculation of a rate of potential use of an entity of the picture k for a backward predictive coding of the picture k−s, according to the number of vectors of the backward motion vector field of the picture k−s pointing to the entity of the picture k or in its near surroundings and/or calculation of a rate of potential use of an entity of the picture k for a forward predictive coding of the picture k+p, according to the number of vectors of the forward motion vector field of the picture k+p pointing to the entity of the picture k or in its near surroundings, coding of the picture entity or the picture comprising the entity according to the rate of use of the picture entity. The applications concern the hybrid type compression diagrams.