A three-dimensional (3D) color display apparatus may include: light sources emitting different color beams; a volume diffractive element, in which a hologram is recorded using one of the color beams that is emitted from one of the light sources as a reference beam and a signal beam, displaying color images by diffracting the color beams emitted from the light sources; and a scanning unit scanning the color beams diffracted by the volume diffractive element. A 3D color image display method may include: recording holograms in a volume diffractive element using a first color beam as a reference and signal beam; irradiating the first color beam and another color beam onto the volume diffractive element as a reproducing reference beam; forming beam spots by diffracting the first color beam and the another color beam using the volume diffractive element; and scanning the color beams diffracted by the volume diffractive element.