Provided are a fixed codebook search method based on iteration-free global pulse replacement in a speech codec, and a Code-Excited Linear-Prediction (CELP)-based speech codec using the method. The fixed codebook search method based on iteration-free global pulse replacement in a speech codec includes the steps of: (a) determining an initial codevector using a pulse-position likelihood vector or a correlation vector; (b) calculating a fixed-codebook search criterion value for the initial codevector; (c) calculating fixed-codebook search criterion values for respective codevectors obtained by replacing a pulse of the initial codevector each time for respective tracks, and determining a pulse position generating the largest fixed-codebook search criterion value as a candidate pulse position for the respective tracks, respectively; (d) calculating fixed-codebook search criterion values for respective codevectors of all combinations obtained by replacing at least one pulse position of the initial codevector with the candidate pulse positions of the respective tracks, and determining the largest value of the fixed-codebook search criterion values; and (e) comparing the fixed-codebook search criterion value for the initial codevector obtained in step (b) with the largest value determined in step (d) to determine an optimum fixed codevector.