A method for forming a nanostructure, a nanostructure and a device using the nanostructure, wherein hydroxide ions are provided to a surface of a nanostructure including a piezoelectric material in order to etch an outer surface of the nanostructure. In an exemplary embodiment, the nanostructure may be etched by contacting the nanostructure with a basic solution. In other exemplary embodiments the etching of the nanostructure may be performed while controlling at least one of the concentration of the basic solution, the temperature of the basic solution and the etching time. The resultant nanostructure includes a piezoelectric material and has an etched outer surface. The nanostructure may be applied to various devices.