Time release repellent formulations and methods of making formulations, comprising a natural repellent, alum in an amount effective to keep microbial count below a pre-determined level and a natural binder. The natural repellent may be animal urine or a natural oil. The natural binder is selected from the group consisting of: rice, pearlite, polymer, peat moss, clay and foam. The pH level of the formulation is maintained within a pre-determined range by adding a natural acid to lower the pH level or adding a natural base to raise the pH level.