A toner includes at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent. The toner contains base toner particles having an average volume particle size of 2 μm to 6 μm, small particle silica having an average volume particle size of 7 nm to 15 nm, large particle silica having an average volume particle size of 50 nm to 400 nm, small particle transition alumina having an average volume particle size of 7 nm to 20 nm, and large particle α-type alumina having an average volume particle size of 50 nm to 400 nm or large particle cerium oxide having an average volume particle size of 50 nm to 400 nm.