A server chassis layout structure includes a chassis body, a partition plate, and a power backplane module. The chassis body includes a bottom plate, first and second top plates, and two side plates. The first and second top plates form a first opening therebetween. The side plates are mounted between the bottom and top plates. The partition plate includes at least one retaining portion and is perpendicularly fixed to the bottom plate below the first opening. The partition plate divides the chassis body into first and second sections. The power backplane module includes at least one lock portion and is vertically inserted into the chassis body via the first opening. The lock portion interferes with the retaining portion so as to assemble the power backplane module into the chassis body above the partition plate, and both the power backplane and the partition plate are exposed via the first opening.