An apparatus and method for allocating resources by using a codebook based on a resource size and a burst size in a broadband wireless communication system are provided. A method of operating a Mobile Station (MS) includes receiving a group configuration message from a Base Station (BS), wherein the group configuration message includes an N-bit first bitmap for indicating that M resource sizes are supported in the group among N resource sizes supported for group resource allocation, where M is less than N, and receiving a group resource allocation message from the BS, wherein the group resource allocation message includes a second bitmap for indicating a size of a resource allocated to a corresponding MS among MSs for which resource allocation is determined.