[Problem]A compound useful for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound as an active ingredient are provided.[Means for Solution]The present inventors have made extensive studies on the pharmacological actions of naturally fermented materials, and as a result, they have found that a cyclic depsipeptide compound derived from a soil bacterium belonging to the genus Chromobacterium which is collected in Okutama-machi, Tokyo has both an inhibitory action on airway contraction and an inhibitory action on airway inflammation, and thus, is useful as an agent for preventing or treating COPD or asthma, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, which contains a cyclic depsipeptide compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient and is intended to be administered by intratracheal administration, nasal drop administration, or inhalation administration.