A non-degenerate polarization-entangled photon pair generation device (1) that efficiently and easily generates non-degenerate polarization-entangled photon pairs includes: a quantum-entangled photon pair generator (2) including a single crystal in which periodically poled structures (3a, 3b) having different periods are formed; and a light radiating unit (4) for entering light into the quantum-entangled photon pair generator (2) such that the light passes through the periodically poled structure (3a) and then through the periodically poled structure (3b). A period of the periodically poled structure (3a) is different from a period of the periodically poled structure (3b) such that a parabola indicative of a relation between an emission angle and a wavelength of a polarized photon emitted based on light incident on the periodically poled structure (3a) comes into contact with a parabola indicative of a relation between an emission angle and a wavelength of polarized photon emitted based on light incident on the periodically poled structure (3b), within an allowable range under a phase matching condition.