Disclosed is a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet which has improved stretch-flange formability while keeping excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance. The cold-rolled steel sheet comprises 0.03 to 0.30% by mass of C, 3.0% by mass or less (including 0% by mass) of Si, more than 0.1% by mass and not more than 2.8% by mass of Mn, 0.1% by mass or less of P, 0.005% by mass or less of S, 0.01% by mass or less of N, and 0.01 to 0.50% by mass of Al. The cold-rolled steel sheet additionally comprises V in an amount of 0.001 to 1.00% by mass or one or more elements selected from Nb, Ti and Zr in the total amount of 0.01% by mass or more, with the remainder being made up by iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein the contents of one or more elements selected from Nb, Ti and Zr fulfils the requirement represented by the following formula: [% C]−[% Nb]/92.9×12−[% Ti]/47.9×12−[% Zr]/91.2×12>0.03. In the cold-rolled steel sheet, the area ratio of tempered martensite is 50% or more (including 100%), and ferrite makes up the remainder. In the cold-rolled steel sheet, the distribution of precipitates in the tempered martensite is as follows: the number of precipitates each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1 to 10 nm is 20 particles or more per 1 μm2 of the tempered martensite and the number of precipitates each containing V or at least one element selected from Nb, Ti and Zr and each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 20 nm or more is 10 particles or less per 1 μm2 of the tempered martensite.