In an electroluminescence device, highly efficient light emission is realized without reducing the durability thereof. The electroluminescence device includes electrodes, a plurality of layers deposited between the electrodes, a light emitting region between the plurality of layers, the light emitting region emitting light by application of an electric field between the electrodes. The plurality of layers include a metal thin-film in the vicinity of the light emitting region. The metal thin-film induces plasmon resonance on the surface thereof by the emitted light. Surface modification is provided on at least one of the surfaces of the metal thin-film. The surface modification includes an end group having polarity that makes the work function of the metal thin-film become close to the work function of at least a layer next to the metal thin-film.