A fuel cell power generation system including: a measurement section configured to measure an accumulated energized period; a calendar section configured to specify a time and a date; a memory having stored therein a matrix in which time-of-year segments which are defined by dividing a one-year period are arranged in rows, and energized period segments which are defined by dividing a target value of the accumulated energized period are arranged in columns, wherein the matrix stores, as elements, upper limit values of a power generation period per unit time of a fuel cell stack, and the upper limit values are set such that the sum of power generation periods calculated for all of the elements coincides with a pre-measured life period of the fuel cell stack; a calculation section configured to apply the time and the date and the accumulated energized period to the matrix, and to determine an upper limit value of the power generation period per unit time; and an operation controller configured to set, in consideration of at least a thermal demand from a demander, a plan for a power generation operation to be performed in each unit time within the range of the upper limit value, and to control the power generation operation of the fuel cell stack based on the plan.