A method and apparatus for thread synchronization is provided. The apparatus for thread synchronization includes a reader configured to generate a data read request, a writer configured to generate a data write request, a register file configured to have a full status indicating that the register file stores data and an empty status indicating that the register file stores no data, and a controller configured to receive the data read request from the reader or the data write request from the writer, and to process the received data read request or the received data write request while stalling or releasing the reader or the writer according to whether the register file is in the full status or in the empty status and according to an operating status of the reader or the writer.