A non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein aluminum silicate or a derivative thereof is contained in a location that can come into contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte in the battery. In the non-aqueous electrolyte battery, it is preferable that at least one of the separator, the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte contains aluminum silicate or a derivative thereof.