Provided is a biomarker composition for detecting diabetic retinopathy, comprising at least one protein selected from the group consisting of proteins as set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 169, a method and a kit for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy using the same. The biomarker can provide fundamental information in researching vitreoretinal disorders, such as, diabetic retinopathy and the protein may be used in a method and a kit for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy with a molecule specifically binding thereto.