Described are apparatus and methods for preventing sperm passage through a reproductive structure of a patient, and also for subsequently reversing the preventative measure in order to restore fertility to the patient. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes an elongate member arranged to form a frame having a distal and proximal opening and configured to be positioned within a lumen of the reproductive structure. The apparatus may also have a flow reducing member coupled to the frame such that when the frame is positioned within the lumen, the flow reducing member substantially impedes, reduces, or totally obstructs passage of sperm through the lumen.