An embodiment of the present invention discloses a high speed uplink packet access adaptive retransmission method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining a resource limitation state; performing adjustment decision according to the resource limitation state and a current target number of retransmissions of a UE; and adjusting the target number of retransmissions of the UE between a preset large target number of retransmissions and a preset small target number of retransmissions, where the large target number of retransmissions is greater than the small target number of retransmissions. The utilization rate of resources may be effectively improved.