A method and system for identifying an association between a Smart Card and a mobile device by selecting card-swiping record pairs from a set of card-swiping records of the Smart Card, each including a card-swiping location and a corresponding card-swiping time; calculating overlap degree in time and location dimensions of the card-swiping record pair and the communication behavior record pair of the mobile phone, which is recorded in a mobile network as a communication log; determining that the card-swiping record pair overlaps with the communication behavior record pair of the mobile phone recorded in the communication log if the overlap degree is greater than a predetermined threshold, and determining that the Smart Card is associated with the mobile phone if each card-swiping record pair of the plurality of card-swiping record pairs overlaps with the communication behavior record pair of the mobile phone recorded in the communication log.