Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation comprising dimethyl fumarate as an effective ingredient, use of dimethyl fumarate for inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and a method of inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation employing the same. Through the present invention, it was found that dimethyl fumarate could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by increasing the activity of AMPK. Accordingly, dimethyl fumarate can be usefully used as an effective ingredient of a medicine for inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.