The present invention relates to a DNA fragment for improving translation efficiency, and a recombinant vector containing the same, and more specifically, to a DNA fragment which comprises any one nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-6, SEQ ID NOs: 8-10, SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14 and SEQ ID NO: 16, and improves the translation efficiency of a heterologous protein placed in the downstream, and a recombinant vector containing the DNA fragment. The DNA fragment for improving translation efficiency according to the present invention and a recombinant vector containing the same can improve the translation of a heterologous protein in a transgenic plant. In addition, if a leader polynucleotide inducing the targeting to a particular cellular organelle of a plant is further linked to the recombinant vector in an operable manner, the heterologous protein is targeted to the specific cellular organelle and can be stably accumulated, thereby enabling the mass production of the heterologous protein from the plant.