A method for improving surface mechanical properties of non-austenitic stainless steels comprises steps of: providing a non-austenitic stainless steel material; placing the non-austenitic stainless steel material in an environment containing at least one austenite-stabilizing element, and implanting the austenite-stabilizing elements into a surface of the non-austenitic stainless steel material to form a modified layer enriched with the austenite-stabilizing elements; and placing the non-austenitic stainless steel material in a carbon-bearing atmosphere to make the modified layer in contact with the carbon-bearing atmosphere, and maintaining the non-austenitic stainless steel material at a carburizing temperature below 600° C. to implant carbon into the modified layer to form a carburized layer. The carburized layer enhances the surface hardness of the non-austenitic stainless steel material and enables it to apply to decorative components or structural components demanding high abrasion resistance, high surface hardness, and high corrosion resistance.