A method and apparatus for allocating backhaul resources to a relay in a wireless communication system, particularly a method and apparatus for processing a downlink signal at a relay in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The method includes receiving resource allocation information indicating a resource block set from a Base Station (BS) through higher layer signaling, receiving a downlink subframe, starting from a predetermined Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, from the BS, monitoring the resource block set in the downlink subframe to receive a physical control channel, and performing an operation according to the received physical control channel.