A communication device includes a data storage unit, a decryption unit, an encryption unit, and a judgment unit. The data storage unit stores a piece of encrypted data or a piece of decrypted data. The decryption unit decrypts each provided piece of encrypted data. The encryption unit encrypts each provided piece of decrypted data. The judgment unit issues an instruction to the encryption unit to read from the data storage unit first decrypted data obtained by the decryption unit decrypting first encrypted data with a cryptographic key, and to write back to the data storage unit second encrypted data obtained by the encryption unit encrypting the first decrypted data with the cryptographic key.