Provided are a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composition excellent in terms of dispersion property, moldability, rigidity, and reinforcing property and a process for producing the resin composition. This fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composition comprises (a) a polyolefin, (b) a rubbery polymer, (c) spherical silica having a water content of 1,000 ppm or less, (d) ultrafine fibers of a thermoplastic polymer having amide groups in the main chain, and (e) a silane coupling agent, wherein the ingredient (d) has been dispersed as ultrafine fibers having an average diameter of 1 [mu]m or less in a matrix comprising the ingredients (a), (b), and (c), and the ingredients (a), (b), (c), and (d) have been chemically bonded through the ingredient (e).