Provided is a method of manufacturing a high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet, including the steps of i) preparing high-carbon steel materials comprising C: 0.7 to 0.9%, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 1.5%, Cr: 0.5% or less, P: 0.05% or less, and S: 0.03% or less in wt % and remaining Fe and other inevitable impurities; ii) heating the high-carbon steel materials again and manufacturing a steel sheet by performing hot rolling in an austenite region in which a finishing temperature for the hot rolling is an Ar3 transformation temperature or higher; iii) rapidly cooling the steel sheet at 520 to 620° C. before phase transformation is started in a Run-Out Table (ROT); iv) uniformly maintaining a cooling retention temperature so that the cooled steel sheet is subject to phase transformation in any one temperature between 520 to 620° C.; and v) winding the steel sheet in the cooling retention temperature. Also provided is the high-carbon steel sheet made by the above-described method.