An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier that carries a first toner image, a transfer unit that transfers the first toner image on the image carrier onto a recording medium directly or through an intermediate transfer body, a fixing unit that fixes the first toner image that has been transferred onto the recording medium, and a glossiness-controlling unit that forms a second toner image made of clear toner on the recording medium in accordance with an amount of toner that forms the first toner image to be transferred onto the recording medium, thereby controlling a glossiness on a surface of the recording medium that has been subjected to the fixing performed by the fixing unit.