A data reading/writing method is provided and includes: determining an active memory lookup table, and a standby memory lookup table; taking a plurality of memory units as a unit, and initializing a memory unit that corresponds to each unit in the active memory lookup table and the standby memory lookup table to a different value; and when a reading operation and a writing operation exist simultaneously, and a value corresponding to a reading address is equal to a value corresponding to a writing address in the active memory lookup table, reading data from an effective single-port memory that is indicated by the reading address and in the active memory lookup table, writing data into a standby single-port memory that is indicated by the writing address and in the standby memory lookup table, and identifying single-port memories where effective data and idle data of the writing address are located.